Abamectinluhlobo lwesibulali-zinambuzane, i-acaricide kunye ne-nematicide ephuhliswe ngentsebenziswano neMerck (ngoku eyi-Syngenta) yase-United States, eyayibekwe yodwa kumhlaba we-Streptomyces Avermann yiYunivesithi yaseKitori eJapan ngo-1979. lawula izitshabalalisi ezifana namangolwane, i-lepidoptera, i-homoptera, i-coleoptera, i-root-knot nematodes kwizityalo ezininzi, imithi yeziqhamo, iintyatyambo kunye nemithi, efana ne-diamondback moth, i-leafminer yemithi yeziqhamo, ooqongqothwane, imibungu yepine yamahlathi, izigcawu ezibomvu, iithrips, iplanthoppers, leaf umgodi, iintwala, njl.
1 Abamectin · Fluazinam
I-Fluazinam yi-agent entsha ye-pyrimidine ye-bactericidal kunye ne-acaricidal. Kwaxelwa ukuba inefuthe le-bactericidal ngo-1982. Ngo-1988, yayiyimbumba ephuhliswe kwaye yasungulwa yi-Syngenta yi-Ishihara Corporation yaseJapan. Kwi-1990, i-Fluazinam, i-50% ye-powder emanzi, yaqala ukufakwa eJapan. Indlela yayo yokwenza i-agent ye-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation coupling, enokuthintela yonke inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwebhaktheriya echaphazelekayo. Ayinakunqanda kuphela ngokufanelekileyo ukukhutshwa kunye nokuhluma kwezilwanyana ze-pathogen, kodwa kwakhona ukuthintela ukukhula kwe-mycelium ye-pathogen kunye nokwakhiwa kwamalungu ahlaselayo. Inokhuseleko oluluqilima, kodwa alunanto yokuthintela kunye neyonyango, kodwa inokuzingisa okuhle kunye nokuchasana nokukhukuliseka kwemvula.
I-compound formulation ye-Abamectin kunye ne-haloperidine ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukulawula izilwanyana zezityalo, ezingenakho ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo izilwanyana ze-phytophagous ezifana nesigcawu, kodwa zithintela ukwenzeka kwezifo ezahlukeneyo.
2 Abamectin · pyridaben
I-Pyridaben, isitshabalalisi se-thiazidone kunye ne-acaricide, yaveliswa yi-Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. ngo-1985. Iyasebenza ngokuchasene namaqanda, i-nymphs kunye namangolwane ayingozi kakhulu, njenge-panonychus mites, gall mites, amagqabi kunye nozipho oluncinci. Amangolwane, kwaye aneziphumo ezithile zolawulo kwintwala, iintakumba ezinemigca emthubi, iihopper zamagqabi kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Isenzo salo yi-insecticide engekho yenkqubo kunye ne-acaricide, oko kukuthi, ithintela ngokukodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhunta esithile kwizicubu ze-muscle, izicubu ze-nerve kunye ne-electron transmission system yezinambuzane. Inepropathi eyomeleleyo yokubulala, kodwa ayinayo ifuthe langaphakathi lokufunxa kunye ne-fumigation.
I-Avi · pyridaben isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni amangolwane ayingozi afana nesigcawu esibomvu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ipyridaben isetyenziswe kwizityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo ixesha elide kwaye amaxesha amaninzi, ukuxhathisa kwayo kukhulu, ngoko olu hlobo lwesibulali-zinambuzane siyacetyiswa ukuba lusetyenziswe ukuthintela. kunye nokulawula amangolwane ayingozi xa engenzeki okanye kwibakala lokuqala lokwenzeka. Kukho ikakhulu i-emulsion, i-microemulsion, i-powder emanzi, i-emulsion yamanzi kunye ne-agent yokumiswa.
3 Abamectin · Etoxazole
I-Etimazole yi-oxazoline acaricide, i-diphenyl oxazoline derivative acaricide efunyenwe yaze yaphuhliswa yi-Sumitomo Corporation yase-Japan ngo-1994. , iintyatyambo nezinye izityalo. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo yi-chitin inhibitor, oko kukuthi, ukuthintela ukubunjwa kwe-embryo yamaqanda ama-mite kunye nokuxobulwa kwamangolwane amancinci kwimite yabantu abadala. Ineempembelelo zokubulala ukudibana kunye netyhefu yesisu, kwaye ayinayo i-absorption yangaphakathi. Isebenza kakhulu kumaqanda eentwala, amantshontsho amantshontsho kunye namantshontsho, kwaye inesiphumo esibi kwiintwala ezindala, kodwa inokunqanda ukuzala okanye ukuqanduselwa kweemazi, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nokhukuliseko lwemvula.
I-Avenidazole ikulungele ukusetyenziswa kwisigaba sokuqala sokuqhambuka kwamangolwane ayingozi okanye xa isandula ukubhaqwa.
4 Abamectin · Bifenazat
I-Bifenazat luhlobo lwe-Bifenazat acaricide, eyafunyanwa yiNkampani yokuqala ye-Uniroy (ngoku eyiNkampani yaseKoju) ngo-1996, emva koko yaphuhliswa ngokubambisana neNissan Chemical eJapan. Yayidweliswe kwi-2000 njenge-hydrazine formate (okanye i-diphenylhydrazine) i-acaricide. Eli chiza alisebenzi nje kuphela kune-ethyndrite, kodwa likhuselekile kwizityalo. Isetyenziswa kwiindidi ezininzi zamangolwane ayingozi afana neTetranychus urticae, Tetranychus flavus, Tetranychus totalis, njl. kwimithi yeziqhamo, imifuno, izityalo zokuhombisa kunye neemelon. Inomphumo wokubulala umnxeba, akukho nto yangaphakathi, kwaye ayichaphazeli umphumo wokusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. Iyasebenza kuwo onke amanqanaba obomi bamangolwane (amaqanda, iinangolwane kunye namangolwane) kwaye inomsebenzi wokubulala amaqanda kunye nomsebenzi wokuwisa iintwala. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo kukuthintelwa kweeseli ze-nerve, oko kukuthi, kwi-system ye-nervous conduction system ye-mites γ- Umsebenzi oyingqayizivele we-aminobutyric acid (GABA) i-receptor inokuthintela inkqubo ye-nerve conduction central of mites ukuphumeza umphumo wokubulala.
I-Avil · I-Bifenazat ester ayisebenzi kakhulu ekubulaleni kuphela, kodwa akukho lula ukuvelisa ukuxhathisa kumachiza. Ingasetyenziswa kwizityalo ezininzi.
6 Abamectin · Hexythiazox
I-Thiazolidinone luhlobo lwe-acaricide eveliswa yiNkampani yeCaoda yaseJapan. Ijolise ikakhulu kwi spider mites, kwaye inomsebenzi omncinci wokulwa ne rust mites kunye ne gall mites. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo i-non-system acaricide, enefuthe lokubulala i-touch kunye ne-toxicity yesisu, kwaye ayinayo i-conductivity ye-absorption yangaphakathi, kodwa inefuthe elihle lokungena kwi-epidermis yesityalo. Inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokulwa namaqanda eengolwane kunye namangolwane. Nangona inetyhefu ebuthathaka kwiintwala ezindala, inokunqanda ukuqanduselwa kwamaqanda eemazi. I-acaricide engekho-thermal, oko kukuthi, ayichaphazeli umphumo we-acaricidal kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi.
Ave · I-Hexythiazox inokusetyenziselwa ukulawula iintwala zesigcawu kumaxesha amaninzi, kodwa ifuthe layo kwiintwala ezindala alilunganga. Kunconywa ukuba uzilawule kwisigaba sokuqala sokwenzeka, kwaye akukho mmahluko kwisiphumo xa ubushushu bendalo buguquka kakhulu.
7 Abamectin · Diafenthiuron
I-Diafenthiuron sisibulali-zinambuzane esitsha se-thiourea esaphuhliswa yi-Ciba-Kaji (ngoku eyi-Syngenta) ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula izitshabalalisi zeLepidoptera ezifana ne-diamondback moth, i-cabbage worm, i-bean armyworm kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa, kunye nezinambuzane ze-pteroptera ezifana ne-leafhopper, i-whitefly kunye ne-aphid, kunye nezinambuzane ze-phytophagous ezifana ne-spider mite (spider mite) kunye netarsal mite. Ineempembelelo zokubulala, ukutyhefa kwesisu, ukufunxa nokufunxa ngaphakathi. I-Diafenthiuron inefuthe elincinci kumaqanda, izibungu, i-nymphs kunye nabantu abadala, kodwa umphumo wayo kumaqanda awulungile. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo kukuba inomsebenzi webhayoloji kuphela emva kokuba ichithwe kwi-carbodiimide derivatives phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga (i-ultraviolet) okanye phantsi kwesenzo se-oxidase esebenzayo kumzimba wezinambuzane, kwaye i-carbodiimide inokudibanisa ngokudibeneyo i-Fo-ATPase kunye ne-membrane yangaphandle ye-pore protein. kwi-membrane yangaphakathi ye-mitochondria ukuthintela ukuphefumla kwe-mitochondrial, ukuthintela umsebenzi we-nerve cell mitochondria kumzimba wezinambuzane, kuchaphazela ukuphefumla kwayo kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla, kwaye yenza inambuzane ifile.
I-Avidin ayikwazi ukulawula kuphela izilwanyana ezinobungozi ezifana ne-spider mites kunye ne-tarsal mites kwizityalo, kodwa ibe nefuthe elihle lokulawula i-lepidoptera kunye ne-homoptera izinambuzane, kodwa inefuthe elibi kwizinambuzane okanye amaqanda ezinambuzane. Ingasetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye iintlobo zezitshabalalisi ezinefuthe elikhawulezayo elinamandla okanye ixesha elide, kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nabanye ababulali bamaqanda, njengetetrapyrazine. Ikwanobuntununtunu kwimifuno ethile, efana nekholifulawa kunye ne broccoli, kwaye akukhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe ngexesha leentyantyambo.
8 Abamectin · Propargite
I-Propargite luhlobo lwe-organic sulfur acaricide, ephuhliswe yiNkampani yangaphambili ye-Uniroy yase-United States (ngoku eyi-Copua Inkampani yase-United States) kwi-1969. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo yi-mitochondrial inhibitor, oko kukuthi, ngokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla emitochondrial ( ATP) yamangolwane, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela inkqubo yemetabolism eqhelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kwamangolwane kunye nokubulala amangolwane. Ineempembelelo zetyhefu yesisu, ukubulawa komnxeba kunye nokufuthwa, ayinayo i-absorption yangaphakathi kunye ne-permeability, kwaye inomsebenzi obalulekileyo kumaqondo aphezulu. Uneziphumo ezihle kumantshontsho amancinci, amantshontsho kunye namangolwane, kodwa umsebenzi omncinci kumaqanda ezinambuzane. ① Ukonyusa ugxininiso phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kuya kubangela umonakalo onokufumaneka kwakhona kwiindawo zethenda zezityalo. ② Ineempawu zempembelelo ekhawulezayo, ixesha elide lesiphumo, kunye ne-residu ephantsi (ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwayo, ininzi iyeza lamanzi liya kuhlala kuphela phezu kwezityalo). Ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula uninzi lwamangolwane ayingozi afana namangolwane eti, iti emthubi, amangolwane, inyongo, njl njl. kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemelon, imifuno yecruciferous, imithi yeziqhamo, umqhaphu, iimbotyi, imithi yeti kunye nezityalo zokuhombisa. .
I-Avi – acetyl mites inokulawula iindidi ezininzi zengolwane eziyingozi kwizityalo. Kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo solawulo sibaluleke ngakumbi, kodwa iimpembelelo kumaqanda eentwala ziba buthathaka, kwaye idosi egqithisileyo iya kuvelisa iimpawu ezithile ezinokufumaneka kwiindawo ezithambileyo zezityalo.
9 Abamectin · fenpropathrin
I-Fenpropathrin sisitshabalalisi se-pyrethroid kunye ne-acaricide eyaphuhliswa yi-Sumitomo ngo-1973. I-Homoptera, i-Hemiptera, i-Diptera, i-Coleoptera kunye nezinye izinambuzane kwi-cotton, imithi yeziqhamo, imifuno kunye nezinye izityalo, kunye nokukhusela isigcawu esibomvu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinobungozi. Ineempembelelo zokubulala umfowunelwa, ubuthi besisu kunye nokugxotha, kwaye ayinayo i-inhaling kunye ne-fumigating effects. Iyasebenza emaqandeni, amantshontsho amancinci, amantshontsho, amantshontsho amancinci kunye namangolwane anobungozi. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo yityhefu ye-nerve, oko kukuthi, isebenza kwinkqubo ye-nervous yezinambuzane, itshabalalisa inkqubo yokuqhuba i-nerve yezinambuzane, kwaye ibenze bakhathazeke kakhulu, bakhubazekile kwaye bafe. Umphumo uphawulekayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, kodwa alinakusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, elilula ukwenza umonakalo weziyobisi.
I-Avermethrin ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula izityalo ezinezinambuzane ezininzi zesigcawu okanye izigcawu ezibomvu, kodwa umphumo wokulawula uxhomekeke kwimeko. Ngenxa yokuba i-fenpropathrin iyi-pyrethroid, ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakuchasana kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-acaricides, kodwa inokulawula iindidi ezinobungozi, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa ukuxhathisa kumachiza, kwaye inokulawula iindidi ze-lepidoptera, umlomo ohlabayo kunye ezinye izitshabalalisi, kodwa isizathu sokuhlukahluka okugqithisileyo kwe-pyrethroids kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminyaka emininzi, Ukuthintela kunye nokulawula umphumo awunakuba yinto efanelekileyo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukukhusela kuqala. Iifom zedosi ziquka ioli e-emulsifiable, i-microemulsion kunye nomgubo omanzi.
10 Abamectin · Profenofos
I-Profenofos sisinambuzane se-thiophosphate organophosphate kunye ne-acaricide eyaphuhliswa yi-Ciba-Kaji (ngoku eyi-Syngenta) ngo-1975. Inokuthintela kwaye ilawule umlomo ohlabayo, umlomo wokuhlafuna okanye i-lepidoptera izinambuzane kunye nezinambuzane kwirayisi, umqhaphu, imithi yeziqhamo, imifuno ye-cruciferous, izityalo zokuhombisa, iareca, ikhokhonathi kunye nezinye izityalo, ezifana ne-cotton bollworm, i-rice leaf roller, i-diamondback moth, i-nocturnal moth, i-aphid, i-thrips, i-spider ebomvu, i-rice planthopper, i-leaf miner kunye nezinye izinambuzane. Isenzo sayo yi-acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, enonxibelelwano kunye netyhefu yesisu, ukungeneka okuqinileyo kwizityalo, isiphumo esihle esikhawulezileyo kwizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, kunye nesiphumo sokubulala iqanda kwizinambuzane kunye namangolwane. Kodwa akukho ukufunxa kwangaphakathi. Inokufunxwa ngokukhawuleza ngumphezulu wesityalo, kwaye inamandla athile okudluliselwa kumzimba wesityalo. Iyakwazi ukudluliselwa kumda wamagqabi ukuze ibulale izinambuzane zayo, kwaye i-Profenofos inempembelelo enamandla yokuthintela kumsebenzi we-insect acetylcholinesterase, eyenza buthathaka ukuxhathisa iziyobisi kwizinambuzane. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwe-organic phosphorus inomsebenzi othile ngokuchasene namangolwane ayingozi, uhlobo olufanayo lweearhente, i-avirin kunye ne-Profenofos, zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela amangolwane ayingozi.
11 Abamectin · chlorpyrifos
I-Chlorpyrifos yi-pesticide ye-organophosphorus ephuhliswe kwaye iveliswe nguTaoshi Yinong kwi-1965. Kwakungavumelekanga ukusebenzisa i-melon kunye nemifuno e-China ngoDisemba 31, 2014, kwaye yavalwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iindawo (ezifana ne-Hainan, njl.) ukusuka kwi-2020. iziphumo zokubulala ngokuchukumisa, ukutyhefa isisu, kunye nokufunxa, kodwa akukho ukuphefumla. Emva kokusetyenziswa, kuya kuthintela umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase emzimbeni wezinambuzane, ezibangela ukuba zihambe ngaphandle kokulinganisela, ukugqithisa, kunye ne-spasm ekufeni. Ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula i-borers, i-noctuids kunye nezinye i-lepidoptera kunye ne-coleoptera kwirayisi, umbona, iimbotyi zesoya, imithi yeziqhamo kunye nezinye izityalo, kunye nezinambuzane eziphantsi komhlaba ezifana ne-stem borers kunye ne-tigers zomhlaba, kunye nezinambuzane ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-leafminer.
I-Abamectin kunye ne-chlorpyrifos zibhalise ngaphezu kweentlobo ezingama-60 e-China, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukulawula izitshabalalisi ze-lepidoptera zemithi yeziqhamo, amahlosi asemhlabeni, i-grubs, i-root-knot nematodes kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi eziphantsi komhlaba. Njengoninzi lwe-organic phosphorus njenge-Profenofos, banomsebenzi othile ngokuchasene noninzi lwamangolwane ayingozi, kwaye banokudlala indima ekuthinteleni amangolwane ayingozi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-20-2023
