Ngaba umbona uchatshazelwa yismut? Ukuchongwa kwangexesha, uthintelo kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ubhubhane

Umbona omnyama emthini wombona ngokwenene sisifo, esaziwa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-corn smut, ebizwa ngokuba yi-smut, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-gray bag kunye nokungunda okumnyama. Ustilago sesinye sezifo ezibalulekileyo zombona, ezinempembelelo enkulu kwisivuno sombona kunye nomgangatho. Iqondo lokunciphisa isivuno liyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwixesha lokuqala, ubungakanani besifo kunye nendawo yesifo.

  

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-corn smut

I-Corn smut ingenzeka ngexesha lonke lokukhula, kodwa ayixhaphakanga kwinqanaba lezithole kwaye ikhula ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqhawula. Isifo siya kwenzeka xa izithole zombona zinamaqabunga angama-4-5 okwenyaniso. Iziqu kunye namagqabi ezithole ezigulayo ziya kujikwa, zikhubazeke, kwaye zibe mfutshane. Amathumba amancinci aya kuvela kwisiseko seziqu ezikufutshane nomhlaba. Xa ingqolowa ikhula ibe yinyawo enye phezulu, iimpawu ziya kubonakala. Kucacile ngakumbi ukuba emva koku, amagqabi, iziqu, i-tassels, iindlebe, kunye ne-axillary buds ziya kusuleleka emva komnye kwaye kuya kuvela amathumba. La mathumba ayahluka ngokobukhulu, ukusuka kumancinci njengeqanda ukuya kumakhulu njengenqindi. Amathumba ekuqaleni abonakala emhlophe ngokwesilivere, emenyezelayo, kwaye enamanzi. Xa ikhulile, i-membrane yangaphandle iyaphuka kwaye ikhuphe inani elikhulu lomgubo omnyama. Kwisiqu sombona, kunokubakho ithumba elinye okanye ngaphezulu. Emva kokuba i-tassel ikhutshiwe, ezinye iiflorets zosuleleka kwaye ziphuhlise amathumba afana ne-cyst okanye amile okwephondo. Amaxesha amaninzi amathumba amaninzi aqokelelana abe yingqumba. Inquma enye inokuba nayo Inani lamathumba liyahluka ukusuka kokumbalwa ukuya kwishumi elinesibini.

Ipateni yokwenzeka kwe-corn smut

Ibhaktiriya ye-pathogenic inokugqithisa emhlabeni, umgquba okanye iintsalela zezityalo ezigulayo kwaye zingumthombo wokuqala wosulelo kunyaka wesibini. I-chlamydospores ebambelele kwimbewu idlala indima ethile ekusasazeni umgama omde we-smut. Emva kokuba i-pathogen ihlasele isityalo sombona, i-mycelium iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-parenchyma cell tissue kwaye ivelise into efana ne-auxin evuselela iiseli kwisityalo sombona, ibangele ukuba zande kwaye zande, ekugqibeleni zenze amathumba. Xa i-tumor igqabhuka, inani elikhulu le-teliospores liya kukhutshwa, libangele ukuvuselelwa kwakhona.

Amanyathelo othintelo kunye nolawulo lwe-corn smut
(1) Unyango lwembewu: I-50% ye-Carbendazim emanzi yomgubo ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwembewu kwi-0.5% yobunzima bembewu.
(2) Susa umthombo wesi sifo: Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe, simele sisinqumle ngokukhawuleza kwaye sisingcwabe nzulu okanye sisitshise. Emva kokuvunwa kombona, amagqabi awileyo ezityalo eziseleyo entsimini kufuneka asuswe ngokupheleleyo ukuze kuncitshiswe umthombo weebhaktheriya ezidlula ubusika emhlabeni. Kumasimi anesifo esiqatha, kunqandwe ukulinywa ngokuqhubekayo.
(3) Ukomeleza ulawulo lokulima: Okokuqala, ukutyala ngokusondeleleneyo ngowona mlinganiselo uphambili onokwenziwa. Ukutyalwa ngokusondeleyo ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kombona akunokwandisa isivuno kuphela, kodwa kuthintele ngokusebenzayo ukwenzeka kwesmut yombona. Ukongeza, zombini amanzi kunye nesichumisi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwisixa esifanelekileyo. Kakhulu akusayi kuba lula ukulawula i-corn smut.
(4) Uthintelo lokutshiza: Ngexesha ukusuka ekuhlumeni kombona ukuya kwisihloko, kufuneka sidibanise ukhula kwaye silawule izitshabalalisi ezifana ne- bollworm, thrips, corn borer, kunye ne-cotton bollworm. Ngaxeshanye, imichiza yokungunda efana neCarbendazim kunye neTebuconazole inokutshizwa. Thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo ngokuchasene nesmut.
(5) Ukutshiza ukulungiswa: Emva kokuba isifo sifunyenwe kwintsimi, ngesiseko sokususwa kwangexesha, ii-fungicides zokufafaza ngexesha elifanelekileyo ezifana neTebuconazole ukulungisa nokulawula ukusasazeka kwesifo.