Isicelo seMarike kunye neNdlela yeDimethalin

Ukuthelekisa phakathi kweDimethalin kunye nabakhuphisana nabo

I-Dimethylpentyl sisiyobisi sokutshabalalisa ukhula idinitroaniline. Ifunxwa ikakhulu ngamaqupha okhula ahlumayo kwaye idityaniswe neprotein ye-microtubule kwizityalo ukuthintela i-mitosis yeeseli zezityalo, okukhokelela ekufeni kokhula. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindidi ezininzi zamasimi owomileyo, kuquka umqhaphu kunye nombona, kunye namasimi omileyo wezithole zerayisi. Xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezikhuphisanayo i-acetochlor kunye ne-trifluralin, i-dimethalin inokhuseleko oluphezulu, oluhambelana nesikhokelo sophuhliso jikelele sokhuseleko lwe-pesticide, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye ne-toxicity ephantsi. Kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokuthatha indawo ye-acetochlor kunye ne-trifluralin kwixesha elizayo.

I-Dimethalin ineempawu zemisebenzi ephezulu, i-spectrum ebanzi yokubulala ingca, i-toxicity ephantsi kunye nentsalela, ukhuseleko oluphezulu kubantu kunye nezilwanyana, kunye nokubhengezwa komhlaba olomeleleyo, akulula ukuwukhupha, kunye nokusingqongileyo; Ingasetyenziswa phambi nasemva kokuntshula naphambi kokutyala ngokutsha, kwaye ubude bayo bufikelela kwiintsuku ezingama-45 ~ 60. Isicelo esinye sinokusombulula umonakalo wokhula ngexesha lonke lokukhula kwezityalo.

Uhlalutyo ngobume bophuhliso lweshishini le-dimethalin yehlabathi

1. Isabelo sehlabathi ngemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula

Okwangoku, eyona michiza isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-glyphosate, ebalwa malunga ne-18% yesabelo semarike yemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kwihlabathi jikelele. Eyesibini imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula yiglyphosate, ethatha i-3% kuphela kwimarike yehlabathi. Ezinye izibulali-zinambuzane zithatha umlinganiselo omncinane ngokwentelekiso. Kuba i-glyphosate kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi zisebenza ikakhulu kwizityalo eziguqukayo. Uninzi lwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula efunekayo kwimveliso yezinye izityalo ezingaguquguqukiyo zibalelwa ngaphantsi kwe-1%, ngoko ke ukuxinana kwemarike yemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kuphantsi. Okwangoku, imfuno yemarike yehlabathi jikelele ye-dimethalin ingaphezulu kwe-40,000 yeetoni, ixabiso eliphakathi liqikelelwa ukuba liyi-55,000 ye-yuan / toni, kwaye umthamo wentengiso yemarike malunga ne-400 yezigidi zeedola, ibalwa kwi-1% ~ 2% yemarike yehlabathi ye-herbicide. isikali. Kuba inokusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ezinye izitshabalalisi eziyingozi kwixesha elizayo, isikali semarike kulindeleke ukuba siphindeke kabini ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokukhula.

2. Ukuthengiswa kwe-dimethalin

Ngo-2019, intengiso yehlabathi ye-dimethalin yayizizigidi ezingama-397 zeedola zaseMelika, iyenza ibeyeye-12 ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ngokwemimandla, iYurophu yenye yezona ntengiso zibalulekileyo zabathengi be-dimethalin, i-akhawunti ye-28.47% yesabelo sehlabathi; I-Asiya i-akhawunti ye-27.32%, kwaye amazwe athengisayo aphambili yi-Indiya, i-China kunye neJapan; IMelika igxile kakhulu eUnited States, eBrazil, eKholombiya, e-Ecuador nakwezinye iindawo; I-Middle East kunye ne-Afrika zineentengiso ezincinci.

Isishwankathelo

Nangona i-dimethalin inesiphumo esihle kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, isetyenziselwa kakhulu izityalo zemali ezifana nomqhaphu kunye nemifuno ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphezulu kuhlobo olufanayo lwe-herbicides kunye nokuqala kwemarike kade. Ngotshintsho oluthe ngcembe lombono wemarike yasekhaya, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kwe-dimethalin inyuke ngokukhawuleza. Isixa seyeza elikrwada elisetyenziswa kwimarike yasekhaya liye landa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka malunga neetoni ezingama-2000 ngo-2012 ukuya ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-5000 ngoku, kwaye liye lakhuthazwa kwaye lasetyenziswa kwirayisi eyomileyo ehlwayelweyo, umbona kunye nezinye izityalo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zemixube yeekhompawundi ezisebenzayo nazo zikhula ngokukhawuleza.

I-Dimethalin ihambelana nentsingiselo yemarike yamazwe ngamazwe yokutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe izibulali-zinambuzane ezinetyhefu kunye nentsalela ephezulu kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo. Iza kuba neqondo eliphezulu lokuhambelana nophuhliso lwezolimo lwangoku kwixesha elizayo, kwaye kuya kubakho indawo enkulu yophuhliso.