Izitshabalalisi azikwazi nje ukutshabalalisa ukukhula kwerayisi, kodwa zihambisa izifo ezinokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwesivuno kunye nomgangatho. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo asebenzayo okulawula izitshabalalisi zerayisi abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lokutya. Apha, siza kuchaza indlela yokujongana nezinambuzane ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwerayisi.
Impembelelo yezinambuzane erayisi kwimveliso yezolimo
Izitshabalalisi zerayisi zinokubangela uluhlu olubanzi lomonakalo, kubandakanywa impukane yerayisi, i-rice leaf borer, kunye ne-rice weevil. Ezi zinambuzane zibangela iimpembelelo ezinzulu ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni irayisi ngokufunxa incindi, ukuhlafuna amagqabi kunye nokutshabalalisa inkqubo yeengcambu. Ukongeza, ezinye izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukusasaza iintsholongwane ezibeka emngciphekweni ngakumbi impilo yerayisi.
Umonakalo obangelwa zizinambuzane
Impembelelo yokukhula kwerayisi
Iziphumo zezitshabalalisi ekukhuleni kwerayisi zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
Ukhuphiswano ngezondlo: Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zikhuphisana ngokuthe ngqo nerayisi ukuze zifumane izondlo ngokufunxa incindi nokuhlafuna amagqabi, nto leyo ebangela ukungondleki.
Ukuncipha kwephotosynthesis: Izinambuzane zitshabalalisa amagqabi erayisi, zinciphisa indawo yephotosynthetic kwaye zithobe ukusebenza kakuhle kwephotosynthesis erayisini.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwenkqubo yeengcambu: Izinambuzane ezifana ne-rice weevil ziya kutshabalalisa inkqubo yengcambu yerayisi, echaphazela amandla erayisi ukufunxa amanzi kunye nesichumisi.
Udluliselo lwentsholongwane
Izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nesikhukula serayisi azenzakalisi ngokuthe ngqo kuphela irayisi, kodwa zikwasebenza njenge vector yeentsholongwane. Ngokuziphatha okuhlabayo nokufunxa kwempukane yerayisi, iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwezinye izityalo zerayisi, nto leyo ekhokelela kuqhambuko olukhulu lwezifo zentsholongwane, ezinokuchaphazela ngokunzulu impilo kunye nesivuno serayisi.
Ukuhla kwisivuno kunye nomgangatho
Umonakalo wezinambuzane ekugqibeleni unokukhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwesivuno serayisi kunye nomgangatho. Irayisi ehlaselwe zizitshabalalisi ineenkozo ezingagcwelenga kangako kunye nomgangatho ophantsi, nto leyo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho yamafama.
Iintlobo zeZitshabalalisi zeRayisi
Planthoppers
I-Planthoppers sisitshabalalisi esifunxayo esiphila ngokufunxa incindi yerayisi. Esi sitshabalalisi asibangeli nje ukubuna kwerayisi, kodwa sikwasasaza izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ezibeka emngciphekweni ngakumbi impilo yerayisi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeempukane zerayisi, apho impukane emdaka kunye ne-white-backed fly zezona zixhaphakileyo.
I-Rice Leaf Roller
Imibungu yeRice Leaf Roller iluma amagqabi erayisi kwaye iwaqengqele kwiisilinda, inciphisa indawo yephotosynthetic kwaye ichaphazela ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwerayisi. Esi sitshabalalisi singenzeka kuwo onke amanqanaba okukhula kwerayisi kwaye sinempembelelo enkulu kwisivuno serayisi.
I-Rice Water Weevil
Imibungu yerayisi idla ngokutya iingcambu zerayisi, yonakalisa inkqubo yeengcambu kwaye inciphisa amandla erayisi okufunxa amanzi nesichumiso, nto leyo ebangela ukukhula kakubi kwezityalo. Abantu abadala bayondla amagqabi erayisi, ekwachaphazela ukukhula ngokubanzi kwerayisi.
I-Rice Armyworm
I-Rice armyworms itya amagqabi erayisi, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, igqabi lonke liyatyiwa, lichaphazela i-photosynthesis kunye nemveliso yerayisi. Imibungu yerayisi inabemi abaninzi, izala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iyonakalisa kakhulu amasimi erayisi.
Irayisi Thrips
IRice thrips sisitshabalalisi esincinci esisindayo ikakhulu ngokufunxa incindi kumagqabi erayisi, ibangele amabala amhlophe okanye imigca emagqabini, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima amagqabi ajike abe tyheli kwaye ome. Irayisi thrips ichaphazela kakubi isivuno kunye nomgangatho werayisi.
I-Rice Gall Midge
I-larvae ye-rice gall midge ihlasela izicubu ezincinci zerayisi kwaye zenze i-galls, ezichaphazela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwerayisi kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima ezikhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwesityalo. I-Rice gall midge inempembelelo enkulu kumjikelezo wokukhula kwerayisi kwaye kunzima ukuyilawula.
I-Rice Stem Borer
I-Rice Stem Borer igrumba kwiindiza zerayisi ukuze ityiwe, ibangela ukuba izikhondo zophuka okanye zife, oko kuchaphazela isivuno kunye nomgangatho werayisi. Inqanaba lombungu weRice Stem Borer lelona nqanaba lokonakalisa, kwaye amanyathelo olawulo kufuneka agxininiswe kweli nqanaba.
I-Rice Bug
Iincukuthu zerayisi ziphila ngokufunxa incindi yerayisi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkozo zibe mnyama kwaye zishwabene, nto leyo echaphazela isivuno. Zininzi iindidi zeencukuthu zerayisi, kodwa eyona ixhaphakileyo yintsholongwane eluhlaza eyimfama.
Isiqulathi seefayili zeRiyisi
Imibungu yefowulda yerayisi yerayisi ihlafuna amagqabi erayisi kwaye iqengqele amagqabi kwityhubhu, ichaphazela iphotosynthesis kwaye ikhokelela ekukhuleni kakubi kunye nezivuno ezincitshisiweyo. Ulawulo lwe-Rice Leaf Moth kufuneka luqhutywe kwisigaba sokuqala sombungu ukunciphisa umonakalo wayo erayisi.
Intshayelelo yezibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
Imidacloprid
Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulawula impukane rice, rice thrips kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezifunxa umlomo.
Iimpawu: I-Imidacloprid ineempawu ezintle zenkqubo, inokungena ngokukhawuleza kwizityalo, inobomi obude beshelufu, kwaye inobungane kwiinyosi kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Chlorantraniliprole
Usetyenziso: Iyasebenza ekuhlafuneni imilomo yerayisi, irayisi kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi.
Iimpawu: I-Chlorantraniliprole ineempembelelo ezinobuthi obuqinileyo bokuthintela kunye nesisu, ixesha elide lokusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu kwindalo kunye nezinto ezingajoliswanga.
Thiamethoxam
Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulawulo lwempukane, irayisi kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi.
Iimpawu: Ithiamethoxam ineempawu zenkqubo kunye nokugqobhoza, inokubulala izinambuzane ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inentsalela ephantsi, kwaye inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Carbendazim
Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula inyongo yerayisi, i-rice thrips kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi.
Iimpawu: ICarbendazim ineziphumo ezilungileyo zetyhefu xa iphathwa kunye nesisu, kwaye iyasebenza kwiindidi ezininzi zezinambuzane, kwaye inokhuseleko oluphezulu kwizityalo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
I-acetamiprid
Usetyenziso: Isetyenziselwa ukulawula umbungu, irayisi nezinye izitshabalalisi.
Iimpawu: I-Acephate ineziphumo ezilungileyo zenkqubo kunye ne-tactile, kunye nexesha elide lokuzingisa kunye nesiphumo esibalulekileyo sokubulala kwizinambuzane.
Cypermetrin
Usetyenziso: Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuthintela nokulawula ukubhabha kwerayisi, inundu yerayisi kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi.
Iimpawu: I-Cypermethrin ineempembelelo ezinamandla zetyhefu yokuthintela kunye nesisu, isiphumo esihle esisebenza ngokukhawuleza, intsalela ephantsi, kwaye ikhuselekile ngokwendalo.
Iingcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala izinambuzane
Ukukhethwa kwamayeza okubulala izinambuzane ngokweentlobo zezinambuzane
Xa ukhetha i-insecticide, ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kwiintlobo ezithile zezinambuzane. Izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo zineemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo kwizinambuzane ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo lweekhemikhali lunokuphucula impembelelo yokulawula kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yeekhemikhali.
Ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kwedosi kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa
Xa usebenzisa i-insecticides, i-dosage kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokuphepha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kokusetyenziswa. Ukugqithisela kwedosi akuyonkcitho yeekhemikhali kuphela, kodwa kunokubangela iimpembelelo ezingeyomfuneko kokusingqongileyo nakwizinto ezingajoliswanga. Indlela yokufaka isicelo kufuneka kwakhona ikhethwe ngokwemeko ethile, njengokutshiza kunye nokudipha imbewu, ukuze kuphunyezwe eyona mpembelelo ilungileyo yokulawula.
Ukujikeleza ukukhusela ukuxhathisa
Xa i-insecticide efanayo isetyenziselwa ixesha elide, izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ukuchasana, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwimpembelelo yokulawula. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba ujikeleze ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insecticide ukukhusela izinambuzane ekuphuhliseni ukuchasana kunye nokuqinisekisa umphumo wokulawula.
Ubuchule boLawulo oluDityanisiweyo
Ulawulo lwezoLimo
Ukwenzeka nokonakala kwezitshabalalisi kunokucuthwa ngemilinganiselo yolawulo lwezolimo lwenzululwazi, njengokujikeleziswa kwezityalo okunengqiqo, ukutyala iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwamasimi.
Ulawulo Lomzimba
Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zomzimba, ezifana nezibatha, ukubambisa ukukhanya, njl., kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inani lezinambuzane kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo wezinambuzane kwirayisi.
Ulawulo lwebhayoloji
Ngokuzisa okanye ukukhusela iintshaba zendalo zezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, ezifana noonomeva bezinambuzane, izinambuzane ezidlayo, njl.
Ulawulo lweMichiza
Xa kuyimfuneko, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ekhemikhali asetyenziselwa ukulawula, kodwa kufuneka kuthatyathwe ukhathalelo ukuze kulungiswe idosi kwaye kujikelezwe ukusetyenziswa ukuphepha iimpembelelo ezingeyomfuneko kokusingqongileyo kunye nezinto ezingajoliswanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-11-2024
