Yintoni imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula?

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhulayimichiza eyenzelwe ukuphelisa ukhula ngokufunxwa kwinkqubo yemithambo yesityalo kwaye ifudukele kuyo yonke into ephilayo. Oku kuvumela ukutshatyalaliswa okubanzi kokhula, kujoliswe kuzo zombini iindawo zezityalo ezingaphezulu komhlaba nangaphantsi komhlaba.

Kulimo lwangoku, ukucwangciswa komhlaba, kunye namahlathi, ukutshatyalaliswa okusebenzayo kokhula kubalulekile ekugcineni isivuno sezityalo, ukubukeka komhlaba, kunye namahlathi aphilileyo. Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula idlala indima ebalulekileyo kula macandelo ngokubonelela ngezisombululo zolawulo lokhula olusebenzayo noluhlala ixesha elide.

Isishwankathelo seGlyphosate njengomzekelo obalaseleyo

Glyphosatengokungathandabuzekiyo ngoyena mchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula owaziwa kakhulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yempumelelo yayo ekulawuleni uluhlu olubanzi lokhula kunye netyhefu ephantsi xa isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo.

IiNgcaciso zobuGcisa

Ukuqulunqwa kwemichiza

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula inokwahluka ngokubanzi kwimichiza yayo, kodwa ngokubanzi ibandakanya izithako ezisebenzayo ezikwaziyo ukufunxwa kwaye zifuduselwe kwizityalo. Izithako eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzayo ziquka i-glyphosate, i-2,4-D, kunye ne-imazapyr.

Indlela yokwenza

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iyasebenza ngokuphazamisa iinkqubo zebhayoloji ezibalulekileyo kwisityalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-glyphosate inqanda i-enzyme ebandakanyekayo kwi-synthesis ye-amino acids ebalulekileyo, ekhokelela ekufeni kwesityalo. Le michiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngokwesiqhelo igalelwa emagqabini okanye emhlabeni kwaye ifunxwe sisixokelelwano semithambo yesityalo.

Iintlobo zeMichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula inokuhlelwa ngokweendidi ezininzi ngokusekelwe kubume bekhemikhali kunye nendlela yokwenza:

• I-Amino Acid Inhibitors (umzekelo, i-glyphosate)

• IziLawuli zokuKhula (umz., 2,4-D)
• ILipid Synthesis Inhibitors (umz.,iquizalofop)

• Ii-Photosynthesis Inhibitors (umz.,atrazine)

Usetyenziso

Usetyenziso lwezoLimo

Kwezolimo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isetyenziselwa ukulawula iindidi ngeendidi zokhula ezikhuphisana nezityalo ukuze zifumane izondlo, ukukhanya kunye nendawo. Zigalelwa kuzo zombini ezi nqanaba zihlumayo (phambi kokuba imbewu yokhula intshule) nasemva kokuhluma (emva kokuba ukhula luntshulile).

Ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye noLondolozo lweZitiya

Abalungisi bomhlaba kunye nabasebenzi bezitiya basebenzisa imichiza ecwangcisiweyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula ukugcina imeko-bume encomekayo ngokulawula iintlobo ezihlaselayo kunye nokuthintela ukukhula okugqithisileyo kokhula. Le michiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iluncedo ngokukhethekileyo ekugcineni ingca, iibhedi zeentyatyambo, kunye nezitiya zokuhombisa.

ULawulo lwaMahlathi

Kumahlathi, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula inceda ukulawula iintlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo ezinokubeka emngciphekweni inkqubo yendalo ephilayo kwaye ithintele ukukhula kwemithi. Zikwasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokubuyisela indawo yokuhlala ukuphelisa uhlaza olungafunwayo.

Iingenelo

Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula okusebenzayo

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ibonelela ngokutshabalalisa ukhula olubanzi ngokujolisa kwisityalo sonke, kuquka neengcambu. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhula lutshatyalaliswa ngokucokisekileyo, kunciphisa amathuba okuba lukhule kwakhona.

Impembelelo yexesha elide kwiZilwanyana eziHlanganisayo

Ngokujolisa ngempumelelo kunye nokuphelisa iintlobo ezihlaselayo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula inceda ekulondolozeni uluntu lwezityalo zemveli kunye nokugcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Isidingo esiNcitshisiweyo sokuFaka izicelo rhoqo

Ngenxa yendlela yokusebenza ecokisekileyo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isoloko ifuna ukufakwa okumbalwa xa kuthelekiswa nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, oko kuyenza ibe sisisombululo esineendleko zokulawula ukhula.

Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa

Systemic vs. Qhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iyahluka kwimichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhulangokuba zihamba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-vascular system, inika ulawulo olubanzi ngakumbi. Qhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, kwelinye icala, ichaphazela kuphela iindawo zesityalo ezizichukumisayo, nto leyo ezenza zingasebenzi kakuhle ngokuchasene nokhula oluzinzile.

Ukuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutshabalalisa ukhula

Imichiza ecwangcisiweyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula isoloko ithelekiswa neendlela zokutshatyalaliswa kokhula ngoomatshini (umz., ukuhlakula, ukucheba) kunye nolawulo lwebhayoloji (umz., ukusebenzisa amarhamncwa endalo). Indlela nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida yayo, kwaye izicwangciso ezidibeneyo zokulawula ukhula zihlala zidibanisa iindlela ezininzi zokufumana iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.

Izikhokelo zabasebenzisi okanye iziFundo

Uwukhetha njani umchiza ochanekileyo

Ukukhetha umchiza ofanelekileyo wokutshabalalisa ukhula kubandakanya ukuqwalaselwa kwemiba efana nohlobo lokhula olukhoyo, inqanaba elifunekayo lokulawula, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ngendlela yokukhetha, nceda usixelele ukuba loluphi ukhula ekufuneka ulususe, kwaye siya kubonelela ngeengcebiso kwaye sikuthumelele iisampulu ukuze uzame!

Iindlela zokuSebenza

Ubuchule bokufaka obuchanekileyo bubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Oku kuquka izixhobo zokulinganisa, ukusetyenziswa kwinqanaba elichanekileyo lokukhula kokhula, kunye nokulandela izikhokelo zokhuseleko ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko

Izilumkiso zokhuseleko xa usebenzisa imichiza ecwangcisiweyo yokutshabalalisa ukhula ziquka ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kufutshane nemithombo yamanzi, kunye nokulandela yonke imiyalelo yeleyibhile ukuthintela ukuvezwa ngengozi kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo.

Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iyakwazi ukulawula ngokusebenzayo nangokuzinzileyo uhlaza olungafunwayo. Ngaphandle kwemingeni efana neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphuhliswa kokuchasana, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo zithembisa ikamva eliqaqambileyo lokusetyenziswa kwazo.