IGlyphosate, iParaquat, kunye neGlufosinate-ammonium zezona zithathu zinkulu zokutshabalalisa ukhula kwi-biocidal. Ngamnye uneempawu zakhe kunye neenzuzo. Phantse bonke abalimi banokukhankanya ezimbalwa kuzo, kodwa izishwankathelo ezimfutshane nezibanzi kunye nezishwankathelo zisanqabile. Zikufanelekile ukushwankathela kwaye kulula ukuzinkqaya.
Glyphosate
I-Glyphosate yi-organophosphorus-type systemic conductive broad-spectrum, i-biocidal, i-low-toxic-herbicide. Ngokukodwa inqanda i-enalacetyl shikimate phosphate synthase kwizityalo, ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukuguqulwa kwe-shikidomin kwi-phenylalanine kunye ne-tyrosine. Kwaye ukuguqulwa kwe-tryptophan, ephazamisa i-protein synthesis kwaye ikhokelela ekufeni kwezityalo. I-Glyphosate ine-systemic conductivity eyomeleleyo kakhulu. Ayinakufunxwa kuphela kwaye idluliselwe kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ngeziqu kunye namagqabi, kodwa inokugqithiselwa phakathi kweethayile ezahlukeneyo zesityalo esinye. Inesiphumo esinamandla sokubulala kwizihlunu ezingaphantsi komhlaba zokhula oluzinzileyo olunengcambu enzulu kwaye inokufikelela kubunzulu obungenakufikelelwa ngoomatshini abaqhelekileyo bezolimo. Emva kokungena emhlabeni, iyeza lidibanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nentsimbi, i-aluminium kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi kwaye ilahlekelwa ngumsebenzi. Ayinayo imiphumo emibi kwimbewu kunye ne-microorganisms emhlabeni kwaye ikhuselekile kwiintshaba zendalo kunye nezinto ezinoncedo.
I-Glyphosate ifanelekile ukuhlakula kwimiyezo efana nama-apile, amapere, kunye ne-citrus, kunye nama-mulberry, amasimi ekotoni, umbona ongawulimiyo, irayisi engenakutyalwa ngokuthe ngqo, amasimi erabha, amasimi afusi, ecaleni kwendlela, njl. lawula ngempumelelo ukhula lwengca olunyaka kunye noluhlala luphela, imidumba kunye nokhula lwamagqabi abanzi. Kolunye ukhula oluxhathisa kakhulu e-Liliaceae, Convolvulaceae kunye neLeguminosae, kuphela idosi eyandisiweyo enokulawulwa ngempumelelo.
IParaquat
IParaquat sisichiza esibulala ukhula esisebenza ngokukhawuleza esinempembelelo eyonakalisayo kwizicubu eziluhlaza zezityalo. Amagqabi okhula aya kuqala ukonakala kwaye abe nombala kwiiyure ezi-2-3 emva kokuba kugalelwe umchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula. Ichiza alinayo i-systemic conduction effect kwaye inokonakalisa indawo yesicelo kuphela, kodwa ayinakonakalisa iingcambu zezityalo kunye nembewu efihliweyo emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, ukhula luphinda lukhule emva kokufakwa kwesicelo. Ayinakugqobhoza amaxolo angaphantsi. Nje ukuba udibane nomhlaba, uya kubhengezwa kwaye ugqithiswe. I-Paraquat ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezifana nefuthe elikhawulezayo, ukuchasana nokukhukuliseka kwemvula, kunye nokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye iyingozi kakhulu ebantwini nakwimfuyo. Xa sele utyhefwe, akukho nto ikhethekileyo yokunyanga.
Glufosinate-ammonium
1. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Ukhula oluninzi lunobuntununtunu kwiGlufosinate-ammonium. Olu khula luquka: icowgrass, bluegrass, sedge, bermudagrass, barnyard grass, ryegrass, bentgrass, sedge rice, Special-shaped sedge, crabgrass, wild licorice, false stinkweed, corn grass, roughleaf flower grass, flying grass, wild amaranth, sedge, hollow lotus ingca (revolutionary ingca), chickweed, impukane encinane, uninazala, ihashe Amaranth, Brachiaria, Viola, intsimi bindweed, Polygonum, isipaji umalusi, chicory, plantain, ranunculus, umoya wosana, Senecio yaseYurophu, njl.
2. Iimpawu zesenzo ezibalaseleyo. I-Glufosinate-ammonium ayifuni mvula kwiiyure ezi-6 emva kokutshiza ukuze yandise ukusebenza kwayo. Phantsi kweemeko zentsimi, ngenxa yokuba inokuthotywa ziintsholongwane zomhlaba, inkqubo yeengcambu ayikwazi ukuyifunxa okanye ifunxe kancinci kakhulu. Iziqu kunye namagqabi Emva konyango, amagqabi akhawuleza aphuhlise i-phytotoxicity, ngaloo ndlela enciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-Glufosinate-ammonium kwi-phloem kunye ne-xylem. Ubushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma okuphezulu, kunye nokukhanya okuphezulu kokukhanya kukhuthaza ukufunxwa kweGlufosinate-ammonium kwaye kwandise kakhulu umsebenzi. Ukongeza i-5% (W / V) i-ammonium sulfate kwisisombululo sokutshiza kunokukhuthaza ukuxutywa kwe-Glufosinate-ammonium kunye nokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umsebenzi we-Glufosinate-ammonium phantsi kweemeko zokushisa eziphantsi. Uvakalelo lothotho lwezityalo kwiGlufosinate-ammonium lunxulumene nokufunxa kwazo imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, ngoko ke i-ammonium sulfate inefuthe elibaluleke ngakumbi le-synergistic kukhula olunovakalelo oluphantsi.
3. Ikhuselekile ngokusingqongileyo, iGlufosinate-ammonium ithotywa ngokukhawuleza yi-microorganisms emhlabeni, kwaye i-leaching yayo kwimihlaba emininzi ayidluli kwi-15 cm. Amanzi akhoyo omhlaba achaphazela ukungenwa kwawo kunye nokuhla kwawo, kwaye ekugqibeleni akhuphe ikharbon diokside. Akukho zintsalela zifunyenweyo ngexesha lokuvuna kwaye isiqingatha sobomi ziintsuku ezi-3-7. Kwiintsuku ezingama-32 emva kokunyangwa kwesiqu kunye neqabunga, malunga ne-10% -20% yee-compounds kunye neemveliso zokunciphisa zahlala emhlabeni, kwaye ngeentsuku ze-295, inqanaba lentsalela lalisondele kwi-0. Ukuqwalasela ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, isiqingatha sobomi obufutshane kunye nokungahambi kakuhle umhlaba wenze i-Glufosinate-ammonium nayo ilungele ukhula lwehlathi.
4. Amathemba abanzi. Kuba iGlufosinate-ammonium inoluhlu olubanzi lokutshabalalisa ukhula, yonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye inetyhefu ephantsi kwizinto eziziphilayo ezingajoliswanga, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa njengesitshabalalisi esikhethayo emva kokuhluma kumasimi ezityalo. Itekhnoloji yeBioengineering Oku kubonelela ngokunokwenzeka. Okwangoku, iGlufosinate-ammonium ikwindawo yesibini kuphela kwiGlyphosate kuphando kunye nokukhuthazwa kwezityalo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nemichiza yofuzo. Okwangoku, izityalo eziguquguqukayo zeGlufosinate-ammonium-resistant genetically modified zibandakanya udlwengulo, umbona, iimbotyi zesoya, umqhaphu, iswekile beet, irayisi, irhasi, ingqolowa, irayisi, iitapile, irayisi, njl. Ngokwezinye iinkcukacha, iGlufosinate-ammonium inokuthintela kwaye ilawule usulelo lwe-rice sheath blight kwaye inciphise iikholoni eziyivelisayo. Inomsebenzi ophezulu wokulwa nomngundo obangela isifo se-sheath, i-sclerotinia kunye ne-pythium wilt, kwaye inokunqanda kwaye iyinyange ngaxeshanye. Ukhula kunye nezifo zokungunda kwizityalo zeGlufosinate-ammonium transgenic. Ukutshiza idosi eqhelekileyo yeGlufosinate-ammonium kumasimi e-Glufosinate-ammonium-resistant transgenic soya kunempembelelo ethile yokuthintela kwibhaktiriya yeembotyi zesoya iPseudomonas infestans kwaye inokuthintela okanye ilibazise ukukhula kwebhaktheriya. Ngenxa yokuba iGlufosinate-ammonium ineempawu zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukufunxa kakuhle, i-spectrum ye-herbicidal ebanzi, ubutyhefu obuphantsi, kunye nokuhambelana okuhle kokusingqongileyo, sesinye isibulali-zinambuzane esisemagqabini emva kweGlyphosate.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2024
