Qhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhulaziikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukhula ngokutshabalalisa kuphela izicubu zezityalo ezidibana nazo ngqo. Ngokungafaniyoimichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, ezifunxayo kwaye zihamba ngaphakathi kwesityalo ukuze zifikelele kwaye zibulale iingcambu zayo kunye nezinye iindawo, qhagamshelana ne-herbicides isenzo kwindawo, ebangela umonakalo kunye nokufa kuphela kwiindawo ezithintekayo.
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula yenye yeendlela zokuqala zokutshabalalisa ukhula ezenzelwe ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula kwezolimo nokwezolimo. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuqalela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kwaye ngaphandle kokuvela kobuchwepheshe obuntsonkothileyo bokutshabalalisa ukhula, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ihlala isebenza kakhulu kwizicelo ezithile, ngakumbi apho ukhula olukhawulezileyo, lwasekuhlaleni lufuneka.
Ukubaluleka kuLawulo lokhula
Ukubaluleka kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kulawulo lwangoku lokhula kukwisenzo sazo esikhawulezileyo kunye nokukwazi ukulawula iindawo ezinengxaki ngaphandle kokuchaphazela uhlaza olungqongileyo. Oku kubenza baxabiseke kuzo zombini iindawo zezolimo, ezinje ngokhula phakathi kwemiqolo, kunye neendawo ezingalinywayo ezifana neendlela kunye neendawo zoshishino.
Indlela yokuSebenza yokuNxibelelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Qhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngokonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zezityalo ezidibana nazo. Lo monakalo ubandakanya ukukrazula i-membrane yeseli, ekhokelela ekuvuzeni komxholo weseli kunye nokufa ngokukhawuleza kwezicubu ezichaphazelekayo. Indlela ethile inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiyeza kodwa ngokubanzi iphumela kwimpembelelo ekhawulezayo nebonakalayo.
Iintlobo zomonakalo kwiiseli zeZityalo
Iintlobo eziphambili zomonakalo weselula obangelwa yimichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ziquka:
Ukuphazamiseka kweMembrane yeCell: Ukukhokelela ekuvuzeni kweeseli kunye nokuchithwa.
Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidative: Ibangelwa kukuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), ezonakalisa amacandelo eselula.
I-pH Ukungalingani: Ukubangela ukungasebenzi kweselula kunye nokufa.
Ukuthelekisa kunye ne-Systemic Herbicides
Ngokungafaniyo nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ifunxwa sisityalo kwaye ithuthelwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iingcambu kunye namahlumelo, ukuze ibulale isityalo sonke. Oku kwenza ukuba imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isebenze kakuhleukhula olungapheliyoukulawula, njengoko zinokujolisa kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zokhula. Nangona kunjalo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ikhethwa ngenxa yesenzo sawo esikhawulezileyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuchaphazela izityalo ezingajoliswanga.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula idla ngokusetyenziswa njengezitshizi, ezifuna ukugqunyelelwa ngokucokisekileyo amagqabi esityalo ekujoliswe kuso ukuba sisebenze. Ubuchule bokusebenzisa obuchanekileyo bubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nomonakalo ongajoliswanga.
Ukufumana iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kufuneka isetyenziswe ngexesha lokukhula kokhula xa ukhula lukhula kwaye lunamagqabi awoneleyo okufunxa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Ukufakwa kwasekuseni okanye emva kwemini kudla ngokukhethwa ukunciphisa umnyama nokukhukuliseka.
Ukuchaneka kubalulekile xa usebenzisa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Kufuneka kuthatyathwe unonophelo xa kugalelwa umchiza wokutshabalalisa ukhula kuphela elukhulani, njengoko la mayeza atshabalalisa ukhula ayikhethi kwaye anokwenzakalisa izityalo ezinqwenelekayo athe adibana nazo. Ukusebenzisa izikhuselo zokukhusela kunye neendlela zokutshiza eziqondisiweyo zinokunceda ukufezekisa oku kuchanekileyo.
Iimeko zoSetyenziso lweMichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Ukulawulwa kokhula loNyaka
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula iyasebenza kakhulu ngokuchaseneyoukhula lonyaka, abagqibezela umjikelo wabo wobomi ngexesha elinye. Ngokutshabalalisa la malungu angasentla, la mayeza okubulala ukhula athintela ukuveliswa kwembewu nokusasazeka kokhula lonyaka.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula phakathi kwemiqolo
Kwiindawo zezolimo, imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukhula phakathi kwemiqolo yezityalo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela izityalo ngokwazo. Esi sicelo sikhethiweyo sinceda ukugcina impilo yezityalo ngelixa ulawula ukhula.
Ukusetyenziswa kwiiNdawo ezingalinywanga
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo ezingavuniyo ezifana neendlela, iindawo zemizi-mveliso, kunye noololiwe apho kufuneka kutshatyalaliswe ukhula olubanzi. Isenzo sabo esikhawulezileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezi ndawo kubenza babe sisixhobo esixabisekileyo solawulo lwezityalo.
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula eqhelekileyo
Indlela yokuSebenza: I-Diquat iphazamisa i-membrane zeseli, ibangela ukuchithwa ngokukhawuleza kwezicubu zezityalo.
Iimeko zokuSebenza: Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukususa imidiliya yeetapile phambi kokuvuna kunye nokutshabalalisa ukhula lwasemanzini.
Iimpawu: Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo kwiiyure nje.
Indlela yokuSebenza: I-Paraquat ibangela ukuveliswa kweentlobo ze-oksijini esebenzayo, eyonakalisa amacandelo eeseli, ekhokelela ekufeni kwezityalo ngokukhawuleza.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa: Aqhele ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo kwizicelo zokutshiswa ngaphambi kokutyala kunye nakwiindawo ezingezizo izityalo.
Iimpawu: Isebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kodwa inetyhefu kakhulu, ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Indlela yokuSebenza: Le asidi enamafutha iphazamisa i-membrane zeseli, ekhokelela ekupheliseni ngokukhawuleza kwezicubu zezityalo.
Amatyala okusebenzisa: Ihlala isetyenziswa kulimo oluphilayo njengeyeza elingakhethiyo lokunyanga amabala.
Iimpawu: Ithathwe kwimithombo yendalo kwaye ithathwa njengekhuselekile ngokusingqongileyo.
Indlela yokuSebenza: I-Glufosinate inqanda i-enzyme ye-glutamine synthetase, ekhokelela ekudibaneni kwamanqanaba anetyhefu ye-ammonia ngaphakathi kweeseli zezityalo.
Iimeko zokuSebenza: Isetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa umbona kunye neembotyi zesoya, kunye nokugalela ingca kunye nokuhombisa.
Iimpawu: Ayikhethi kwaye yenza ngokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokuSebenza: Yehlisa i-pH ngaphakathi kweeseli zesityalo, ekhokelela kwi-desiccation kunye nokufa kwezicubu zesityalo.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa: Asetyenziswa kulimo oluphilayo kunye nezitiya zasemakhaya ukulawula ukhula oluselula.
Iimpawu: Indalo kunye ne-biodegradable, kunye nokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kugxininiso.
Izinto eziluncedo ngokuQhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Iziphumo eziKhawulezayo
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokudityaniswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kukukwazi ukuvelisa iziphumo ezikhawulezayo. Iziphumo ezibonakalayo zikholisa ukwenzeka phakathi kweeyure ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, zizenza zibe zezilungele iimeko apho kufuneka ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula ngokukhawuleza.
Akukho Ntsalela Yomhlaba
Xhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ayishiyi iintsalela emhlabeni, nto leyo evumela ukutyalwa kwezityalo ngokukhuselekileyo kamsinya nje emva kokufakwa. Oku kunqongophala kweentsalela zomhlaba kubenza balungele iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokulawula ukhula.
Isenzo ekuJoliswe kuso
Isenzo sasekhaya semichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula sivumela ulawulo lokhula oluchanekileyo kwiindawo ezinengxaki ezithile ngaphandle kokuchaphazela intsimi yonke okanye igadi. Esi senzo sijoliswe kuko siluncedo kwezolimo kunye neendawo ezingezizo ezezolimo.
Unyino lwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula
Ukukhula kwakhona kokhula
Njengoko imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ingachaphazeli iingcambu, ukhula oluhlala luhlala lunokuphinda lukhule kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Lo mda ufuna ukufakwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuhlanganiswa nezinye iindlela zokutshabalalisa ukhula.
Ukubulala Okungakhethiyo
Ukuqhagamshelana nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kunokonakalisa nasiphi na isityalo esisichukumisayo, kufuneke ukuba kusetyenziswe ngononophelo ukuphepha ukonakalisa izityalo ezinqwenelekayo. Oku kungakhethiyo kufuna ukujoliswa okuchanekileyo kunye namanyathelo okukhusela ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
Iinkxalabo zoKhuseleko
Eminye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, njengeparaquat, iyityhefu kakhulu kwaye ifuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa zibalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu kunye nezinto ezingajoliswanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-17-2024
