Kwezolimo, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ayincedi nje kuphela amafama ukwandisa isivuno kodwa ikwalawula izinambuzane nokhula ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemichiza yokhula enezithako ezahlukeneyo kwimarike. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga lo mbandela ngokweenkcukacha, libonisa imfuneko yezibulali-zinambuzane ezinezithako ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo zazo ezithile.
Umahluko koko kujoliswe kuko
Izitshabalalisi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zokhula zineemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo kwiiarhente. Umzekelo, i-glyphosate iyasebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lokhula, ngelixa i-nicosulfuron isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukhula lwengca. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amafama akhethe i-ejenti efanelekileyo kwimeko ukuze afumane iziphumo ezilungileyo.
Iindlela ezininzi zesenzo
I-insecticide isebenza ngetyhefu yesisu, ityhefu ngokuchukumisa, i-fumigation, i-endosorption, njl njl. Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula isebenza ngokuphazamisana nebhalansi yeehomoni zezityalo, ukutshabalalisa iphotosynthesis, kunye neminye imigaqo eyahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-insecticide ye-gastric kufuneka ifakwe zizinambuzane, ngelixa i-insecticide yokuthintela kufuneka idibane nezinambuzane ukuze isebenze.
Ukhuseleko
Ukhuseleko yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula. Ezinye izithako zikhuselekile ngokwentelekiso kwaye zingenabungozi kangako kokusingqongileyo nakwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba netyhefu ngakumbi, kodwa iziphumo zazo zokubulala izinambuzane okanye zokutshabalalisa ukhula zisebenza ngakumbi kwiimeko ezithile. Ngoko ke, amafama kufuneka enze ukhetho olusekelwe kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.
Ukuchasa
Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezibulali-zinambuzane zesithako esinye okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni kokumelana nezinambuzane okanye ukhula. Ukuze ulibazise ukuphuhliswa kokuchasana, ukujikeleza okanye ukuxuba ukusetyenziswa kwezithako ezahlukeneyo yindlela esebenzayo. Oku akuphuculi kuphela ulawulo, kodwa kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeekhemikhali.
Iimpawu zesityalo
Izityalo ziyahluka ngokunyamezela imichiza. Ezinye izithako zokutshabalalisa ukhula zinokukhuseleka kwezinye izityalo kwaye zibe yingozi kwezinye. Umzekelo, izithako ezithile zikhuselekile kwingqolowa kodwa zisenokuba yityhefu embona. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isithako esifanelekileyo sokutshabalalisa ukhula kwisityalo esithile.
Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zokusetyenziswa
Imiba yokusingqongileyo efana nobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nobume bomhlaba kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-arhente kunye nophuhliso lwezinambuzane. Izithako ezithile zinokufaneleka ngcono kwiimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, imichiza ethile yokutshabalalisa izinambuzane isenokungasebenzi kakuhle kwiimeko ezishushu, ngelixa imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula inokusebenza ngakumbi kwiindawo zokufuma okuphezulu.
IiMfuno zeXesha lokuHlala
Kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukukhetha izithako ezinexesha elifutshane lokushiyeka ukunciphisa impembelelo kwizityalo ezilandelayo, ngelixa kwezinye iimeko, izithako ezinexesha elide lokushiyeka zinokufaneleka ngcono ukulawula iingxaki zokhula zexesha elide. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula ngamaxesha amade okushiyeka kumasimi eziqhamo kunokunciphisa ukukhula kwakhona kokhula, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe iindleko zomsebenzi.
Izithako zezitshabalalisi eziqhelekileyo
Organochlorines
Izitshabalalisi ze-Organochlorine zizitshabalalisi ezinembali ende yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nobubanzi obubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendalo yabo ehlala ixesha elide kwindalo kunye netyhefu kwizinto ezingajoliswanga, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngoku kuncitshiswe kakhulu.
Organophosphates
I-Organophosphorus insecticides yiklasi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ye-insecticide enetyhefu ephezulu kunye nemiphumo emihle ye-insecticidal. Nangona kunjalo, ezi arhente zinetyhefu kakhulu ebantwini nakwizilwanyana, kwaye zifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kukhuseleko lokhuseleko xa zisetyenziswa.
IiCarbamates
Izitshabalalisi zeCarbamate zisebenza kakhulu kwaye ziyakhawuleza, kwaye zisebenza ngokuchasene noluhlu olubanzi lwezinambuzane. Ubutyhefu babo obuphantsi ngokwentelekiso kunye nefuthe eliphantsi kokusingqongileyo kubenza babe lukhetho olunqwenelekayo.
IiPyrethroids
I-Pyrethroid insecticide ikhutshwe kwaye idityaniswe kwi-pyrethroids yendalo kwaye ibonakaliswe ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ubuthi obuphantsi kunye ne-spectrum ebanzi. Ezi zinambuzane zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye zinempembelelo ephantsi kwizinto ezingajoliswanga.
Izithako zeHerbicide eqhelekileyo
Phenoxycarboxylic acid
I-Phenoxycarboxylic acid ye-herbicides isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthintela kunye nokulawula ukhula lwamagqabi abanzi, ngokukhetha okungcono kunye netyhefu esezantsi, sesinye sezithako eziqhelekileyo zokutshabalalisa ukhula.
Benzoic acid
I-Benzoic acid ye-herbicides ifezekisa umphumo we-herbicidal ngokuphazamisa ibhalansi ye-hormone yezityalo, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuthintela kunye nokulawula ukhula lwengca. Ziyakwazi ukukhetha okulungileyo kwaye zikhuselekile kwizityalo.
Idiphenyl ether
I-Diphenyl ether herbicides ikakhulu ibulala ukhula ngokuthintela i-photosynthesis kwaye ibe nemiphumo enamandla yokulawula ukhula, kodwa ingaba yityhefu kwizityalo ezithile kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo.
I-Triazobenzene
I-Triazobenzene herbicides ibulala ukhula ngokuphazamisana ne-photosynthesis kunye ne-hormone yokukhula kwezityalo, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula kwizityalo ezahlukeneyo.
Imiqathango yokusetyenziswa
Xa usebenzisa i-insecticide okanye i-herbicides, kuyimfuneko ukulandela ngokuthe ngqo imiyalelo yemveliso kunye nemimiselo efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba injongo yokulawula ifezekiswa ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo, kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo emibi kwindalo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo
Ukusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwee-insecticide kunye ne-herbicides akukwazi nje ukuphucula umphumo wokulawula, kodwa nokunciphisa impembelelo embi kwindalo. Ibhalansi ye-ikhosistim inokukhuselwa kwaye umonakalo kwizinto eziphilayo ezingajoliswanga zinokuncitshiswa ngeendlela zenzululwazi zokusetyenziswa.
Ukujikeleza okufanelekileyo kokusetyenziswa
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvela kunye nokuphuhliswa kokuchasana, kucetyiswa ukuba ujikeleze ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwama-agent anemiqulu eyahlukeneyo. Oku akuyi kwandisa nje ubomi benkonzo yeekhemikhali, kodwa kuya kuphucula umphumo wokulawula kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwemveliso yezolimo.
Iingcebiso zobungcali
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nokwakhiwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezithile, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali zezolimo. Banokubonelela ngeengcebiso zenzululwazi kwimeko nganye ukunceda amafama enze olona khetho lungcono.
Ukuqukumbela
Isishwankathelo, amayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokhula enemixube eyahlukeneyo ayilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kwaye aphendule kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhethwa nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi arhente akuphuculi ulawulo kuphela, kodwa kukwakhusela nokusingqongileyo nokukhuthaza ezolimo oluzinzileyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
1. Unokukhetha njani isitshabalalisi esifanelekileyo okanye isibulali zinambuzane?
Ukukhethwa kwee-arhente ezifanelekileyo kusekelwe kwiintlobo zezinambuzane okanye ukhula, iimpawu zezityalo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, ngelixa kuqwalaselwa ukhuseleko kunye nokulawula ukuxhathisa.
2. Indlela yokusombulula ingxaki yokunganyangeki kwamayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye ukhula?
Ngokujikeleza ukusetyenziswa kwama-agent aneengoma ezahlukeneyo, ukuvela kokumelana kunokulibaziseka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye umphumo wokulawula unokuphuculwa.
3. Lithini ifuthe lemichiza yokubulala izinambuzane kunye nemichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula kwindawo esingqongileyo?
Ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kunokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga kokusingqongileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kunokubangela ungcoliseko kunye nokwenzakala kwizinto ezingajoliswanga.
4. Zingakhuselwa njani izityalo kwimichiza?
Khetha izithako ezikhuselekileyo kwizityalo kwaye ulandele imiyalelo ngokusondeleyo ukunqanda ukugqithiswa kwedosi.
5. Angalawuleka njani amaxesha okusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala izinambuzane okanye imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula?
Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemeko ethile kunye neemfuno zolawulo, kwaye ugweme ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo kwi-arhente enye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-08-2024
